Footprinting and Reconnaissance

Active and passive reconnaissance are the two primary categories. Active reconnaissance involves hackers interacting with the computer system directly in an effort to gather information using methods including manual testing, automated scanning, and example tools as follows,

Footprinting and Reconnaissance Tools

Email tracking tools -eMailTrackerPro

Footprinting Tools - FOCA, Maltego , Metasploit , netscantools pro , OSR Framework , Recon-ng , SearchDiggity , the Harvester

Finding Domain and Sub-domain - Sublist3r

Traceroute - Path Analyzer Pro

Web Spider - Web data extractor

Web site mirroring -Httrack Website copier

Whois Lookup Tools - SmartWhois

Site mirroring

Path Analyzer Pro

Smartwhois

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Concepts, Types, and Phases of Hacking

Concepts, Types, and Phases of Hacking A hacker is someone who is intelligent enough to use various tools and techniques to gain unauthorized access to a system in order to steal information such as usernames, passwords, financial information, credit card information, business data, and personal information. Hackers are very skilled, capable of creating software, and exploring both hardware and software. Their motives can range from paying people to hack computers to engaging in unlawful activity for enjoyment. Black Hats Hacker with amazing talents who engages in malicious and destructive acts, often known as crackers White hats Security Analyst or individuals with hacking skills using them for defensive purpose Gray Hats Gray Hats are those work for both offensively and defensively Suicide hackers Suicide hackers are those who aim for destruction without worrying about punishment. Script Kiddies Unskilled hackers, hacking and compromising systems using tools are scrip...

Application scanners

HCLTech AppScan Standard is a Dynamic Analysis testing tool designed for security experts and pen-testers to use when performing security tests on web applications and web services. It runs automatic scans that explore and test web applications, and includes one of the most powerful scanning engines in the world. WebInspect is an automated dynamic testing solution that provides comprehensive vulnerability detection. Fortify WebInspect Benefits Vulnerabilities are discovered faster and earlier. Automation and agent technology can help you save time. Users can utilize crawl web technologies and modern frameworks. ScanCentral DAST helps you manage enterprise app security risk.

Types of Threats

Network Threats Information gathering Sniffing & Eavesdropping Spoofing Session hijacking Man-in-the-Middle Attack DNS & ARP Poisoning Password-based Attacks Denial-of-Services Attacks Compromised Key Attacks Firewall & IDS Attacks Host Threats Malware Attacks Footprinting Password Attacks Denial-of-Services Attacks Arbitrary code execution Unauthorized Access Privilege Escalation Backdoor Attacks Physical Security Threats Application Threats Improper Data / Input Validation Authentication & Authorization Attack Security Misconfiguration Information Disclosure Broken Session Management Buffer Overflow Issues Cryptography Attacks SQL Injection Improper Error handling & Exception Management

Vulnerability scanning application

Nessus is an open-source network vulnerability scanner that uses the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures architecture for easy cross-linking between compliant security tools. Nessus employs the Nessus Attack Scripting Language (NASL), a simple language that describes individual threats and potential attacks. Retina's function is to scan all the hosts on a network and report on any vulnerabilities found. It was written by eEye, who are well known for their security research. SAINT is a commercial vulnerability assessment and penetration system. It was originally developed in the late 1990's as free UNIX tool based on the open source SATAN scanner. Later it went commercial and broadened into a whole suite of tools for vulnerability detection, exploitation, and asset management. It is available on multiple platforms, including appliances (SAINTbox) and cloud-hosted (SAINTcloud). Whisker is a C# tool for taking over Active Directory user and computer accounts by manipulating...

Steganography

The practice of steganography involves concealing a hidden message within an ordinary communication. This method is used to send a secret message to another person; nobody else in the path of the transmission will be aware of the secret message you intended to send. In real-world communications, this technique of obscuring secret signals has been employed for years. It has been utilized in digital communications ever since the development of digital communication. There are numerous software tools for steganography. This software can hide your secret message using an image file, HTML file, DOC file, or any other kind of file. Steganography Tools 1.Whitespace Steganography 2.Image Steganography 3.Image Steganography 4.Document Steganography 5.Video Steganography 6.Audio Steganography 7.Folder Steganography 8.Spam/Email Steganography 9.Snow Tool 10.Open stego 11.Quick steo OpenStego Data can hide with password protection , it can extract when need.

Network and Systems Hardening

Network hardening Make sure your firewall is correctly configured, that all rules are periodically reviewed, that remote access points and users are secure, that any open network ports are blocked, that extraneous protocols and services are disabled and removed, that access lists are in place, and that network data is encrypted. Systems Hardening Audit your current systems: Conduct a thorough audit of your current technologies (you can use). To identify system weaknesses and order remedies, use security auditing techniques like configuration management, vulnerability scanning, and penetration testing. Utilize industry standards from NIST, Microsoft, CIS, DISA, and other sources to conduct system hardening assessments against resources. Create a strategy for systems hardening: Not every system needs to be hardened at once. Instead, develop a strategy and plan based on the risks found in your IT ecosystem, and then utilize a staged approach to fix the most serious issues. Patch ...

Rootkits

Rootkits A rootkit is a collection of software designed to provide privileged access to a remote user over the target system. Mostly, Rootkits are the collection of malicious software deployed after an attack, when the attacker has the administrative access to the target system to maintain its privileged access for future. It creates a backdoor for an attacker; Rootkits often mask the existence of its software which helps to avoid detection. Types of Rootkits 1.Application Level Rootkits 2.Application Level Rootkits perform manipulation of standard 3.application files, modification of the behavior of the current application with an injection of codes. Kernel-Level Rootkits The kernel is the core of an OS. Kernel-Level Rootkits add additional codes (malicious), replace the section of codes of original Operating system kernel. Hardware / Firmware Level Rootkits Type of Rootkits that hides in hardware such as hard drive, network interface card, system BIOS, wh...

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Network and Systems Hardening