Network hardening
Make sure your firewall is correctly configured, that all rules are periodically reviewed, that remote access points and users are secure, that any open network ports are blocked, that extraneous protocols and services are disabled and removed, that access lists are in place, and that network data is encrypted.
Systems Hardening
Audit your current systems: Conduct a thorough audit of your current technologies (you can use). To identify system weaknesses and order remedies, use security auditing techniques like configuration management, vulnerability scanning, and penetration testing. Utilize industry standards from NIST, Microsoft, CIS, DISA, and other sources to conduct system hardening assessments against resources.
Create a strategy for systems hardening: Not every system needs to be hardened at once. Instead, develop a strategy and plan based on the risks found in your IT ecosystem, and then utilize a staged approach to fix the most serious issues.
Patch vulnerabilities immediately: Make sure your mechanism for automating vulnerability identification and patching is in place. Determine vulnerabilities systematically, then give priority to fixing them. Vulnerabilities are sometimes impossible to patch. Make sure that alternative mitigations are in place in these situations, such as disabling admin rights—which many attacks require in order to exploit a vulnerability—and/or having cyber insurance in place.
Network hardening: Make sure your firewall is correctly configured, that all rules are periodically reviewed, that remote access points and users are secure, that any open network ports are blocked, that extraneous protocols and services are disabled and removed, that access lists are in place, and that network data is encrypted.
Server hardening: Place all company-hosted servers in a secure datacenter; avoid testing server hardening on live systems; harden servers before connecting them to the internet or other networks; avoid installing pointless software on servers; appropriately segregate servers; ensure that superuser and administrative shares are set up; and ensure that rights and access are limited in accordance with the principle of least privilege. Reduced port exposure is especially crucial in cloud environments to prevent infrastructure backdoor access or accidental data leaks.
Endpoint hardening: On every Mac and Windows endpoint, disable local admin rights. Make that there are no default passwords on workstations, laptops, or IoT. Block any superfluous communications and remove any unnecessary applications.
Application hardening: Remove any components or features you do not require, limit application access based on user roles and context, remove all sample files, and change any default passwords. In order to enforce password best practices' (password rotation, length, etc.), application passwords should therefore be controlled using a solution for application password management or privileged password management. Inspecting integrations with other apps and systems and eliminating or lowering unused integration components and rights should also be part of the hardening of applications.
Database hardening: Turn on node checking to confirm applications and users; set up admin limitations on what users can do in a database, such as by managing privileged access; database information should be encrypted both in transit and at rest; enforce strong passwords; add privileges for role-based access control (RBAC); eliminate inactive accounts;
Operating system hardening: Apply OS patches, service packs, and updates automatically; eliminate unused libraries, software, services, and functionality; and remove superfluous drivers. lock down local storage; increase privileged user controls, tighten registry and other system permissions, and log all activities, faults, and warnings.
Eliminate unnecessary accounts and privileges: Enforce least privilege by removing unnecessary accounts (such as orphaned accounts and unused accounts) and privileges throughout your IT infrastructure. This is one of the most powerful security practices for reducing the attack surface.
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